Verfremdungseffekt (V-effekt)

To discourage audience from identifying with character and so losing detachment, the action must continually be made strange, alien (Alienation Technique), remote, separate. The V-Effekt helpls to remind the audience that they are watching a play and that what they are watching is not real. The V-Effekt helps to make the audience conentrate less on the charcthers and the rest of the play and concenttrate more on the specfic mmnets in the play which Brecht has made so the audience can question it and work hard to figure out why it is happeing. 

Examples of Verfremdungseffeckt include explanatory captions or illustrations projected on a screen, actors stepping out of character to lecture, summarize, or sing songs and stage designs that do not represent anything and by exposing the lights and ropes, keep the audeince aware of being in a theatre whatching a play.An example of the V-Effeckt in Brecht's plays is in The Caucasian Chalk Cirlce  when Grusche ponders whether or not to take the abandoned baby her dilemma is voiced by the Chorus while she enacts a dumb show.